A material of construction for a particular fitting or part of a composite fitting like valve, steam traps etc. must be carefully chosen based on various factors like :

1.      Fluid Nature : corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, viscosity.

2.      Service pressure and temperature.

3.      Fluid nature : Corrosive, Food industry etc.

4.      Fabrication method : Forging, casting and from plates.

5.      Availability.

6.      Environment (Desert, Temperate, Marine)

7.      Price (Economy)

Lists of Piping Materials

Piping hardware generally includes Pipes, Fittings, Valves, Special Items like steam traps, strainers, filters etc. Here is a list of ASTM materials used for manufacturing of various piping parts.

List of ASTM Materials for Pipes

Americal Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has researched and defined various material standards for oil and gas industry. Properties of these materials depend on chemical properties of fluids to be handled, design temperatures and pressure as well of method of manufacture of pipe fittings. Pipes in oil and gas industry are made either with seamless process or using plates and welding process.  Here is a list of such ASTM Standard materials designed for manufacture of pipes by seamless and welding process.

Sr.	Number	Title
1	A-53	Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe
2	A-106	Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
3	A-120	81ack and Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe for Ordinary Uses
4	A-134	Electric Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Plate Pipe (Sizes 16 in. and Over)
5	A-135	Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
6	A-139	Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Plate Pipe (Sizes 4 in. and Over)
7	A-155	Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service
8	A-211	Spiral-Welded Steel or Iron Pipe
9	A-312	Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
10	A-333	Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low Temperature Service
11	A-335	Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
12	A-358	Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service
13	A-369	Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and 80red Pipe for High Temperature Service
14	A-376	Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Central-Station Service
15	A-381	Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Transmission Systems
16	A-405	Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe Specially Heat Treated for High Temperature Service
17	A-523	Plain End Seamless and Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe for High Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits
18	A-524	Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Process Piping
19	A-530	General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
20	API-5L	Line Pipe
21	API-5LX	High-Test Line Pipe
22	API-5LS	Spiral Weld Line Pipe

List of ASTM Materials for Forgings

Americal Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has researched and defined various material standards for oil and gas industry. Properties of these materials depend on chemical properties of fluids to be handled, design temperatures and pressure as well of method of manufacture of pipe fittings. Many piping fittings like socket weld and threaded fittings, flanges are made with forging process.  Here is a list of such ASTM Standard materials designed for fittings made with forging operation.

Sr.	Number	Title
1	A105	Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications.
2	A181	Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping.
3	A182	Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service.
4	A350	Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components.

List of ASTM Materials for Castings

Americal Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has researched and defined various material standards for oil and gas industry. Properties of these materials depend on chemical properties of fluids to be handled, design temperatures and pressure as well of method of manufacture of pipe fittings. Many piping fittings like valve bodies, cast fittings are made from castings as per ASTM standards. Here is a list of such ASTM Standards for castings used for fittings made through process of casting.

Sr.	Number	Title
1	A216	Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service.
2	A217	Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service.
3	A352	Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service.